It has been rainy cloudy weather for many days now here in California. However, for the last 3 years California has been in a drought. I could say "I have not been able to go outside for many days", or I could say "The rain is very good for the plants and it is becoming very green on the hills." Both would be "true." I also could say "The sky is clear" ignoring the rain and hoping that the weather would change. This might serve to make me feel better. When I focus on the green healthy plants I am accepting the situation as it is and I also feel grateful that we are not in a drought.
When working with children, affirming the positive aspects of the situation does much more than make the child feel better. It also serves as a positive feedback loop. By telling the child; "when you moved your finger that time the sound was much better", you are helping the child to connect their actions with the result in a way that enables them to learn faster. This ability to learn and improve is the primary motivating factor for the child. By giving the child an affirmation of what they are doing correctly, we are increasing their ability to learn and improve. Positive affirmation is one of the seven principles of core education
This is very different concept than the "carrot and stick" approach of "positive/negative reinforcement." A simple example of "positive reinforcement" would be: "If you practice with good concentration for 15 minutes you can watch TV".
There is a fascinating new book (December 2009)by Daniel H. Pink entitled Drive - The surprising Truth About What Motivates Us
Publishers weekly writes this review:
"According to Pink (A Whole New Mind), everything we think we know about what motivates us is wrong. He pits the latest scientific discoveries about the mind against the outmoded wisdom that claims people can only be motivated by the hope of gain and the fear of loss. Pink cites a dizzying number of studies revealing that the "carrot and stick approach" can actually significantly reduce the ability of workers to produce creative solutions to problems. What motivates us once our basic survival needs are met is the ability to grow and develop, to realize our fullest potential. Case studies of Google's "20 percent time" (in which employees work on projects of their choosing one full day each week) and Best Buy's "Results Only Work Environment" (in which employees can work whenever and however they choose—as long as they meet specific goals) demonstrate growing endorsement for this approach. A series of appendixes include further reading and tips on applying this method to businesses, fitness and child-rearing. Drawing on research in psychology, economics and sociology, Pink's analysis—and new model—of motivation offers tremendous insight into our deepest nature".
Daniel Pink cites an important book; "The hidden costs of rewards" by psychologists Mark Lepper and David Greene written in 1978. They did an experiment on motivation with preschool children. They watched a classroom and identified children who chose to draw in their free play time. Next they divided those children into 3 groups: the "expected reward group" was told they would receive a blue ribbon for drawing, the "unexpected reward group" who received a certificate after they chose to draw, and the third group who received "no reward." Two weeks after the first session where the rewards were given the "expected reward group" had little interest in drawing. The "unexpected reward group" and the "no reward" group were both still engaged in drawing during their free time. These researchers went on to prove their thesis in many more experiments. Daniel Pink goes on to site many more studies and examples of how extrinsic rewards diminish motivation.
I believe this is partially because the child looses their sense of autonomy and feels controlled rather than nurtured and supported. The question then is not whether to use a "carrot or a stick" to influence a child's behavior, but how can we preserve and nurture intrinsic motivation? Think about a baby learning to walk. It's great when parents are happy that the child is trying to walk, but it is also obvious that the child is trying to walk because they are driven to do so. I have never known a parent to give candy to a child if they took an extra step! It is great to recognize progress with natural authentic enthusiasm, and fine to have an occasional treat when something is really accomplished. This would fall under the "unexpected reward" category.
When we give children appropriate feedback about what they are doing that is improving their ability, we are helping them learn while preserving their motivation. It is rarely necessary to point out what is wrong because the child has the sound internalized. It is ok to bring awareness to something that needs attention such as the finger numbers by singing them, or asking the child to check to see what fingers are playing. This keeps the learning objective and helps reduce negative emotions related to the necessary concentration and work required in learning. It is important to empower the child in their own learning. This preserves their own internal drive to learn. This week-end I was teaching students at a workshop in Philadelphia that I had never met before. I was truly amazed at their desire to learn. After listening to them play, I would help them by affirming what was really good in their playing such as "The first part of the piece sounded very nice", or "You have learned all of the notes to the piece" and then give them a point to practice. Next, I would ask "Do you want to keep working on this?" Invariably the answer was "Yes."
What happens if the child says "no?" Most often this happens because the child feels for some reason that it is too hard/takes too long. Make the assignment easier/smaller until the child feels it is doable. It doesn't matter if you think the assignment is hard or not. It is the child's drive (intrinsic motivation) to do it that is important.
Success then is the ability to do the assignment well without extrinsic reward or punishment. In the long run, success and improvement is what will motivate the child and develop the ability to practice.
Inspiration is inherent in motivation. Listening to the disc is an important part of providing inspiration because it provides the model. This involves listening to music that is well beyond the pieces that the child is currently learning as well as the current pieces they are learning. Having opportunities to perform and share with others is also very important. Hearing a live concert is probably the most inspiring experience because it most directly raises our concept of what is possible, our ideal.
Lastly, we inspire children when we give credence, and a voice to their aspirations. At the Philadelphia workshop after a student played a Bach minuet I asked her if she had heard other pieces by Bach and recommended some Bach pieces (Italian Concerto) for her to listen to . I told her that I could imagine her playing many pieces by Bach because she had a good feeling for the style of Bach. She said "When you say that I feel so inspired". It is the teacher/parents unerring belief in the child's capacity that develops and sustains aspirations-the desire to learn the next piece, finish the book, the vision of playing a concerto for Level 10 graduation, etc. Inspiration and aspirations go together just like inhale and exhale. We need them both. Inspiration and Aspiration are the basis of intrinsic motivation.
On the assignment:
Finger numbers and note names: Please continue the repetition on these skills. They may be good to do after a period of concentration.
Ready Practice -on each note of the A phrase of Twinkle: This practice of the ready without any playing is for the purpose of making the shifting from one finger to the next easy without having to reposition the hand/elbow/body. Once this is easy, the ready time on each note of the Twinkles will be shorter and the assignment will now go faster. It is good to do one time at the beginning of practice.
Twinkle A: It is good to do the whole Twinkle now instead of just the first phrase. This will help them to memorize the sequence.
Twinkle B and C: Continue to experiment with the way you say "go" in order to help the child have good rhythm. Be aware of the physical changes your child makes when you say "ready" and only add other words when necessary.
Twinkle D: Sing sometimes,and other times say "Please move your fingers, please move your fingers, soft hand" in a quiet voice. Sometimes have your child do a performance where they bow, get ready, say go for them, play Twinkle D (by themselves), and then bow. Perhaps you can make a video, have other people watch, set up the stuffed animals for a performance, or other idea to make this "performance" or "recital" different from the regular practice.
Right hand melodies: Some children will prefer to try to find the notes without much help. Others will prefer that you sing the solfege. You can ask. Try it both ways. Switch back and forth. Also it is fine to sing finger numbers sometimes. We want them to be able to respond by playing the finger we sing. So, try different ways and always ask what your child thinks is helping. This helps them be objective about their learning and separate their emotions from their mental/physical learning.
Time: Be mindful of your child's natural concentration period. Each day is different. It is good to give choices ("Twinkle B or Twinkle C?") and set priorities on any given day ("Let's do Twinkle D one more time to get your fingers really moving and then we can work on Lightly Row tomorrow-is that ok?"). Choose review to develop skill, choose the new pieces to motivate as long as they are not too difficult. Let the child decide which is better for that day.
Day by Day,
Affirm, Motivate, Inspire
Leah Brammer
Click Here for a Link to the next Twinkle Lessons Blog
Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Thursday, January 14, 2010
18_Twinkle Lessons-Tone Lessons
Dear Parents,
We are at the important stage of learning legato and focusing on creating "ringing tone". Therefore, I am going to "remix" some of my previous writings on tone with new thoughts for this blog.
Developing ability continues in a spiral so that we are always always coming back to the most basic points as we advance. Students in books 2 and up will come back to the Twinkle rhythm to practice tone production with a relaxed hand on sections of their pieces. Great pianists will repeat the sound of one note over and over to achieve the best sound.
Understanding develops in a spiral as well. It is not necessarily the things we study and take a test on that have deep meaning to us, rather it is what we internalize and use that has meaning and depth. As we continue to understand and research how children learn, our own ability to apply that knowledge becomes greater.
Listening is Step 1
By listening, the students are internalizing the sequence of the notes, the rhythm and the tempo of the songs, and the tone as well.
It is interesting that the students know which is the good tone immediately when I ask them. They can already hear when the tone has tension in it, just as babies hear and respond to tension in a persons voice. Everything is absorbed by the child, even our own attention and feelings. Dr. Suzuki says:
Think about what you do when you seek to hear something -you become still. This is a kind of "focusing" with the aural sense. When students become "ready" they become still and thus become able to really hear the subtleties in the sound they are producing.
When the student practices with the "ready-go" method they are able to put their whole concentration into the physical-aural connection of making tone on one note. They do not have to think about the reading or even the sequence of the notes. Because they are playing only one note, they can learn to balance the body without tension and listen for the tone rather than thinking about which note to play next.
Teaching tone is step 3.
Teaching tone is bringing awareness to the natural state of learning the children already possess. The sound/tone is already internalized through the period of listening. Now we can ask "Were all the sounds ringing tone?" This is teaching awareness. You can notice the difference in how the note is sustained when it is played with a "hit tone", or with a relaxed moving finger. The hit tone is very loud at first and then dies off quickly. The "heart tone" has more of a bell shape to the sound.
Dr Suzuki says:
Twinkle B. Listen for the long sound. The practice of playing one sound and listening until it stops is very useful. This is a good review practice even though they are already playing Twinkle B.
Twinkle C: make sure the rhythm is accurate. Sometimes the children still confuse Twinkle A and Twinkle C.
Twinkle D - Legato-smooth connected singing tone
Teaching legato is perhaps the most difficult and most important task to teach beginning piano students. When students play staccato it is much easier to relax the hand. When students first play legato there is a strong tendency to keep "pushing" to hold the note down.
Dr. Kataoka relates playing legato to walking:
This is a useful analogy and it is good to walk around noticing how your legs move smoothly without stopping as the weight shifts. Also notice how important your feet movement is and compare this to the first joint of your finger or fingerpad.
When the student is able to play legato well on a single note the next task is to stretch out the hand and connect the Do with the So. Then they can successively move the weight from one finger to the next in the same way as walking.
Another important aspect of legato is the movement of the thumb. Dr. Kataoka used to say "Don't play piano like a monkey!" to students (and teachers) because they didn't move their thumb. She was fascinated at how students used their thumbs when texting on their cell phones.(it was popular in Japan before it was in the US) To play legato the thumb also has to connect the sounds by moving and not pushing with the joints locked in a stiff position. The movement is sideways the way that the hand naturally grasps or picks up something. If you try this you can observe how the thumb moves differently from the other fingers. When playing the piano this movement becomes unnatural because the sideways movement also must make the key go down in order to produce sound.
The connection of the physical feeling of the finger moving with the continuation of the sound enables direct playing so that the piano effectively becomes the voice. The sound and the movement become the same thing. The child makes this connection of how the movement of the fingers and body directly affects the sound in a similar way to how a baby learns to move it's mouth and tongue to produce different sounds.
Once the student can play a beautiful legato on Twinkle with a natural body, it is relatively easy to learn the notes of the melodies in Book 1. Singing the solfege with the disc will also make this go much much faster. You may want to select the Twinkles plus the first few pieces on the disc and put them on repeat for a couple weeks while the students are first learning these beginning songs.
The most important point is that the students can play with a beautiful tone and a happy heart:
Dr. Kataoka says:
Click Here for a link to the next Twinkle Lessons Blog
We are at the important stage of learning legato and focusing on creating "ringing tone". Therefore, I am going to "remix" some of my previous writings on tone with new thoughts for this blog.
Developing ability continues in a spiral so that we are always always coming back to the most basic points as we advance. Students in books 2 and up will come back to the Twinkle rhythm to practice tone production with a relaxed hand on sections of their pieces. Great pianists will repeat the sound of one note over and over to achieve the best sound.
Understanding develops in a spiral as well. It is not necessarily the things we study and take a test on that have deep meaning to us, rather it is what we internalize and use that has meaning and depth. As we continue to understand and research how children learn, our own ability to apply that knowledge becomes greater.
Listening is Step 1
By listening, the students are internalizing the sequence of the notes, the rhythm and the tempo of the songs, and the tone as well.
It is interesting that the students know which is the good tone immediately when I ask them. They can already hear when the tone has tension in it, just as babies hear and respond to tension in a persons voice. Everything is absorbed by the child, even our own attention and feelings. Dr. Suzuki says:
"Tone has living soul. Without form it breathes."Ready is step 2.
Think about what you do when you seek to hear something -you become still. This is a kind of "focusing" with the aural sense. When students become "ready" they become still and thus become able to really hear the subtleties in the sound they are producing.
When the student practices with the "ready-go" method they are able to put their whole concentration into the physical-aural connection of making tone on one note. They do not have to think about the reading or even the sequence of the notes. Because they are playing only one note, they can learn to balance the body without tension and listen for the tone rather than thinking about which note to play next.
Teaching tone is step 3.
Teaching tone is bringing awareness to the natural state of learning the children already possess. The sound/tone is already internalized through the period of listening. Now we can ask "Were all the sounds ringing tone?" This is teaching awareness. You can notice the difference in how the note is sustained when it is played with a "hit tone", or with a relaxed moving finger. The hit tone is very loud at first and then dies off quickly. The "heart tone" has more of a bell shape to the sound.
Dr Suzuki says:
"Music is the language of the heart without words."Twinkle A: Listen for short clear sounds. Listen that the rhythm is natural and not too slow.
and also:
"Beautiful Tone, Beautiful Heart"
Twinkle B. Listen for the long sound. The practice of playing one sound and listening until it stops is very useful. This is a good review practice even though they are already playing Twinkle B.
Twinkle C: make sure the rhythm is accurate. Sometimes the children still confuse Twinkle A and Twinkle C.
Twinkle D - Legato-smooth connected singing tone
Teaching legato is perhaps the most difficult and most important task to teach beginning piano students. When students play staccato it is much easier to relax the hand. When students first play legato there is a strong tendency to keep "pushing" to hold the note down.
Dr. Kataoka relates playing legato to walking:
"For legato, all we need is to do with the fingers on the keyboard what we do with our legs when we walk normally. Human beings are not naturally stiff and do not find it hard to move. Normal people shift their body weight from one leg to the other with true dexterity, and walk lightly while smoothly balancing the body. It is the same with the fingers."
This is a useful analogy and it is good to walk around noticing how your legs move smoothly without stopping as the weight shifts. Also notice how important your feet movement is and compare this to the first joint of your finger or fingerpad.
When the student is able to play legato well on a single note the next task is to stretch out the hand and connect the Do with the So. Then they can successively move the weight from one finger to the next in the same way as walking.
Another important aspect of legato is the movement of the thumb. Dr. Kataoka used to say "Don't play piano like a monkey!" to students (and teachers) because they didn't move their thumb. She was fascinated at how students used their thumbs when texting on their cell phones.(it was popular in Japan before it was in the US) To play legato the thumb also has to connect the sounds by moving and not pushing with the joints locked in a stiff position. The movement is sideways the way that the hand naturally grasps or picks up something. If you try this you can observe how the thumb moves differently from the other fingers. When playing the piano this movement becomes unnatural because the sideways movement also must make the key go down in order to produce sound.
The connection of the physical feeling of the finger moving with the continuation of the sound enables direct playing so that the piano effectively becomes the voice. The sound and the movement become the same thing. The child makes this connection of how the movement of the fingers and body directly affects the sound in a similar way to how a baby learns to move it's mouth and tongue to produce different sounds.
Once the student can play a beautiful legato on Twinkle with a natural body, it is relatively easy to learn the notes of the melodies in Book 1. Singing the solfege with the disc will also make this go much much faster. You may want to select the Twinkles plus the first few pieces on the disc and put them on repeat for a couple weeks while the students are first learning these beginning songs.
The most important point is that the students can play with a beautiful tone and a happy heart:
Dr. Kataoka says:
"Being able to play the piano using a heartfelt, true, natural and musical tone becomes a great joy throughout your entire life.
Click Here for a link to the next Twinkle Lessons Blog
Wednesday, January 6, 2010
17_Happy Continuum
Dear Parents,
Happy 2010!
In my New Years Blog 2009 I wrote about the book Remix by Lawrence Lessig which I was reading at that time. He wrote about the evolving RW (read/write) culture made possible by new technologies which enable people to creatively contribute/comment/create/edit/quote/analyze/synthesize/ and thus "remix" information of all types including words/sounds/photo/visual-video into multiple mediums. The book also discusses copyright issues with the use and remixing of different media. After reading that book I made my website part of the "Creative Commons License" which is basically a share and share alike license.
This was the beginning of my using the web to research in a new way by gathering all kinds of resources from videos and websites, and also uploading my own content. I am really amazed at the quality of information that is available now and the quantity of information that one must sort through in order to find the quality. It has been a wonderful year of research!
Also in my New Years blog last year I wrote about Dr. Kataoka's article on the essence of Tibetan Buddhism. In her article, "One day is a lifetime," she draws the connection between each moment and each sound being important for human beings. Dr. Kataoka says in that article:
In continuing with the research and writing that began last New Year, I have been watching the online videos of the 2009 Peace Summit in Vancouver with the Dalai Lama, other Nobel laureates and leaders.
Please watch this incredible video from the 2009 Vancouver Peace Summit. Much of the Summit focused on education as a key to peace. Education of the heart.
The whole clip is a session on Creativity with various speakers. One of the speakers, Eckart Tolle, talks about how to tap into the creative source, and the necessity of developing ability in order to use creativity. He begins talking about the penalty shootout in a soccer event , and relates it to concentration and the process of going within to tap into a creative source..
Please watch this as it is right on point with the use of "ready" and the development of ability.
After the video begins (there is a 15 second commercial) fast forward to 29:30 (drag the red circle to the right with your mouse) to get to Eckart Tolle's talk which is about 7 minutes.
2009 Vancouver Peace Summit-Creativity Session
On the assignment:
Twinkles: Eckart Tolle's concept of "going within" from the video is the "Ready" or becoming still physically and mentally. "Ready" also includes physically still in a natural balanced position which enables the student to efficiently produce the best sound and performance.
Continue with "ready go" for Twinkles A, B, and C. On Twinkle D "theme", please spot 5 times or so the beginning "Do-Do-So" while listening for legato. After this please have your child play the whole Twinkle D while you sing the solgege, and also have him play without any singing (or any instruction) It is good to have your child experience the concept of the whole piece and play freely even if it is not all the way legato. By doing the spot every day, the ability to play legato will transfer into the whole piece.
Finger numbers: Please go over Left hand numbers every day as well as the right, switching back and forth between the hands. We will be starting Left hand twinkles shortly.
Note names: Please have the child find notes from one end of the piano to the other in the same way we did in the group class. Have them say the name as they play the note.
You can switch back and forth between letter names and solfege. It is good to do this standing up with the bench out of the way.
On the Video recordings:
The video camera has become an important part of the studio and the learning process. The video recordings are an invaluable aid for parents to review the lesson points, observe the posture and sound, and follow through with the assignment. Since lessons are only once a week, this is an ideal way for you to get extra help without leaving your home. This Twinkle class is the first time I have recorded lessons and then posted them online for parents. In the process of doing this I have spent a lot of time reviewing the lessons myself. I have really learned so much from this.
The lessons are becoming longer now and so I want to make them more usable by having them in smaller parts. The easiest way to do this is to add tracks to the video recording. You can do this by pressing pause and then record again. This way each section such as Twinkle A, Twinkle B will have a separate place on the recording, will be easier to upload, and easier to view small sections. I will show you how to do this at the next lesson.
Looking forward to a great year,
Day by Day,
Leah Brammer
Click Here for the link to the next Twinkle Lessons Blog
Happy 2010!
In my New Years Blog 2009 I wrote about the book Remix by Lawrence Lessig which I was reading at that time. He wrote about the evolving RW (read/write) culture made possible by new technologies which enable people to creatively contribute/comment/create/edit/quote/analyze/synthesize/ and thus "remix" information of all types including words/sounds/photo/visual-video into multiple mediums. The book also discusses copyright issues with the use and remixing of different media. After reading that book I made my website part of the "Creative Commons License" which is basically a share and share alike license.
This was the beginning of my using the web to research in a new way by gathering all kinds of resources from videos and websites, and also uploading my own content. I am really amazed at the quality of information that is available now and the quantity of information that one must sort through in order to find the quality. It has been a wonderful year of research!
Also in my New Years blog last year I wrote about Dr. Kataoka's article on the essence of Tibetan Buddhism. In her article, "One day is a lifetime," she draws the connection between each moment and each sound being important for human beings. Dr. Kataoka says in that article:
Whether we are talking about each and every day or each and every note, the fact that every single unit is precious and important is the same. When you live each day and every day with your heart and soul in the best natural way, there is a continuum which results in a wonderful lifetime.
In continuing with the research and writing that began last New Year, I have been watching the online videos of the 2009 Peace Summit in Vancouver with the Dalai Lama, other Nobel laureates and leaders.
Please watch this incredible video from the 2009 Vancouver Peace Summit. Much of the Summit focused on education as a key to peace. Education of the heart.
The whole clip is a session on Creativity with various speakers. One of the speakers, Eckart Tolle, talks about how to tap into the creative source, and the necessity of developing ability in order to use creativity. He begins talking about the penalty shootout in a soccer event , and relates it to concentration and the process of going within to tap into a creative source..
Please watch this as it is right on point with the use of "ready" and the development of ability.
After the video begins (there is a 15 second commercial) fast forward to 29:30 (drag the red circle to the right with your mouse) to get to Eckart Tolle's talk which is about 7 minutes.
2009 Vancouver Peace Summit-Creativity Session
On the assignment:
Twinkles: Eckart Tolle's concept of "going within" from the video is the "Ready" or becoming still physically and mentally. "Ready" also includes physically still in a natural balanced position which enables the student to efficiently produce the best sound and performance.
Continue with "ready go" for Twinkles A, B, and C. On Twinkle D "theme", please spot 5 times or so the beginning "Do-Do-So" while listening for legato. After this please have your child play the whole Twinkle D while you sing the solgege, and also have him play without any singing (or any instruction) It is good to have your child experience the concept of the whole piece and play freely even if it is not all the way legato. By doing the spot every day, the ability to play legato will transfer into the whole piece.
Finger numbers: Please go over Left hand numbers every day as well as the right, switching back and forth between the hands. We will be starting Left hand twinkles shortly.
Note names: Please have the child find notes from one end of the piano to the other in the same way we did in the group class. Have them say the name as they play the note.
You can switch back and forth between letter names and solfege. It is good to do this standing up with the bench out of the way.
On the Video recordings:
The video camera has become an important part of the studio and the learning process. The video recordings are an invaluable aid for parents to review the lesson points, observe the posture and sound, and follow through with the assignment. Since lessons are only once a week, this is an ideal way for you to get extra help without leaving your home. This Twinkle class is the first time I have recorded lessons and then posted them online for parents. In the process of doing this I have spent a lot of time reviewing the lessons myself. I have really learned so much from this.
The lessons are becoming longer now and so I want to make them more usable by having them in smaller parts. The easiest way to do this is to add tracks to the video recording. You can do this by pressing pause and then record again. This way each section such as Twinkle A, Twinkle B will have a separate place on the recording, will be easier to upload, and easier to view small sections. I will show you how to do this at the next lesson.
Looking forward to a great year,
Day by Day,
Leah Brammer
Click Here for the link to the next Twinkle Lessons Blog
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